HowToInstalltheApacheWebServeronUbuntu20.04[Quickstart]

投稿日: 2022-07-24 2022-07-24
タグ: apache, Quickstart, ubuntu, Ubuntu 20.04

Introduction

The Apache HTTP server is the most widely-used web server in the world. It provides many powerful features, including dynamically loadable modules, robust media support, and extensive integration with other popular software.

In this guide, we’ll explain how to install an Apache web server on your Ubuntu 20.04 server. For a more detailed version of this tutorial, please refer to How To Install the Apache Web Server on Ubuntu 20.04.

Prerequisites

Before you begin this guide, you should have the following:

An Ubuntu 20.04 server and a regular, non-root user with sudo privileges. Additionally, you will need to enable a basic firewall to block non-essential ports. You can learn how to configure a regular user account and set up a firewall for your server by following our Initial Server Setup for Ubuntu 20.04 guide.

When you have an account available, log in as your non-root user to begin.

Step 1 — Installing Apache

Apache is available within Ubuntu’s default software repositories, so you can install it using conventional package management tools.

Update your local package index:

sudo apt update

Install the apache2 package:

sudo apt install apache2

Step 2 — Adjusting the Firewall

Check the available ufw application profiles:

sudo ufw app list

OutputAvailable applications:
  Apache
  Apache Full
  Apache Secure
  OpenSSH

Let’s enable the most restrictive profile that will still allow the traffic you’ve configured, permitting traffic on port 80 (normal, unencrypted web traffic):

sudo ufw allow 'Apache'

Verify the change:

sudo ufw status

OutputStatus: active

To                         Action      From
--                         ------      ----
OpenSSH                    ALLOW       Anywhere                  
Apache                     ALLOW       Anywhere                  
OpenSSH (v6)               ALLOW       Anywhere (v6)             
Apache (v6)                ALLOW       Anywhere (v6)

Step 3 — Checking your Web Server

Check with the systemd init system to make sure the service is running by typing:

sudo systemctl status apache2

Outputapache2.service - The Apache HTTP Server
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/apache2.service; enabled; vendor prese>
     Active: active (running) since Tue 2020-04-28 23:06:40 UTC; 56s ago
       Docs: https://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/
   Main PID: 13785 (apache2)
      Tasks: 55 (limit: 1137)
     Memory: 5.3M
     CGroup: /system.slice/apache2.service
             ├─13785 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
             ├─13787 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
             └─13788 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start

Access the default Apache landing page to confirm that the software is running properly through your IP address:

http://your_server_ip

You should receive the default Ubuntu 20.04 Apache web page:

Step 4 — Setting Up Virtual Hosts (Recommended)

When using the Apache web server, you can use virtual hosts (similar to server blocks in Nginx) to encapsulate configuration details and host more than one domain from a single server. We will set up a domain called your_domain, but you should replace this with your own domain name. To learn more about setting up a domain name with DigitalOcean, please refer to our our Introduction to DigitalOcean DNS.

Create the directory for your_domain:

sudo mkdir /var/www/your_domain

Assign ownership of the directory:

sudo chown -R $USER:$USER /var/www/your_domain

The permissions of your web roots should be correct if you haven’t modified your unmask value, but you can make sure by typing:

sudo chmod -R 755 /var/www/your_domain

Create a sample index.html page using nano or your favorite editor:

nano /var/www/your_domain/index.html

Inside, add the following sample HTML:

/var/www/your_domain/index.html

<html>
    <head>
        <title>Welcome to Your_domain!</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        <h1>Success!  The your_domain virtual host is working!</h1>
    </body>
</html>

Save and close the file when you are finished.

Make a new virtual host file at /etc/apache2/sites-available/your_domain.conf:

sudo nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/your_domain.conf

Paste in the following configuration block, updated for our new directory and domain name:

/etc/apache2/sites-available/your_domain.conf

<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost
    ServerName your_domain
    ServerAlias your_domain
    DocumentRoot /var/www/your_domain
    ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log
    CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined
</VirtualHost>

Save and close the file when you are finished.

Enable the file with a2ensite:

sudo a2ensite your_domain.conf

Disable the default site defined in 000-default.conf:

sudo a2dissite 000-default.conf

Test for configuration errors:

sudo apache2ctl configtest

You should receive the following output:

OutputSyntax OK

Restart Apache to implement your changes:

sudo systemctl restart apache2

Apache should now be serving your domain name. You can test this by navigating to http://your_domain, where you should receive something like this:

Conclusion

Now that you have your web server installed, you have many options for the type of content to serve and the technologies you want to use to create a richer experience.

If you’d like to build out a more complete application stack, check out this article on How to configure a LAMP stack on Ubuntu 20.04.

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